Term
Research Aim
What is a research aim?
Answer
Definition
A broad statement identifying the purpose of the study without specific predictions.
In psychological research, setting clear aims and hypotheses is fundamental to guiding the study and ensuring that investigations are focused and meaningful. Each term—research aim, research question, null hypothesis, alternative hypothesis, and the types of alternative hypotheses—serves a specific role in shaping how research is conducted and interpreted.
Aims and questions provide the foundation, clarifying what the researcher intends to investigate.
The alternative hypothesis is the statement that there is a genuine effect or relationship between variables. It is what the researcher aims to support through evidence. For example, "Sleep deprivation decreases reaction time." There are two main types:
This hypothesis is typically used when previous research or theory is inconclusive about the direction of the effect.
Testable, Measurable, Falsifiable: Good hypotheses are testable, meaning they make statements that can be supported or refuted by empirical data. They must also be falsifiable; that is, there should be a possible outcome or finding that disproves them.
When formulating hypotheses, researchers must clearly identify the variables involved and how they will be measured. Operational definitions are essential (see later notes).
What is a research aim?
A broad statement identifying the purpose of the study without specific predictions.
What is the purpose of a research question?
To specify the particular aspect of the topic the study wants to answer, making it clear and measurable.
Define the null hypothesis.
A formal statement asserting no effect or relationship between variables; the default position in hypothesis testing.
What does rejecting the null hypothesis mean?
It suggests there is sufficient evidence to support the presence of an effect.
What is the alternative hypothesis?
A statement that there is a genuine effect or relationship between variables, which the research aims to support.
What distinguishes a one-tailed hypothesis?
It predicts the direction of the effect (e.g., an increase or decrease).
What is the advantage of a two-tailed hypothesis?
It tests for an effect in either direction without specifying which.
What is a key weakness of a one-tailed hypothesis?
It may miss detecting an effect if it occurs in the opposite direction.
Why are operational definitions important in hypotheses?
They specify how variables are measured, ensuring clarity and testability.
What are the key characteristics of a good hypothesis?
Testability and falsifiability.