Question
Purpose of Clear Research Question
What is the purpose of developing a clear research question?
Answer
Explanation
It sets the direction for the study and determines design, methodology, and validity of findings.
The Reliability Check: Operationalisation means defining variables in precise, measurable terms so they can be tested. Clear operational definitions ensure reliability and validity and allow other researchers to replicate the study.
Measures used to ensure results reflect the effect of the IV on the DV:
What is the purpose of developing a clear research question?
It sets the direction for the study and determines design, methodology, and validity of findings.
What does the research aim define?
The broad purpose or focus of the study.
What is an alternative (experimental) hypothesis?
A prediction that there is a relationship or difference between variables.
How does a directional hypothesis differ from a non-directional one?
It specifies the direction of the expected effect, while a non-directional states only that a difference exists.
What is the null hypothesis?
It predicts no relationship or difference between variables and is the default assumption.
What are independent and dependent variables?
The independent variable is manipulated; the dependent variable is measured as the outcome.
What does operationalisation mean?
Defining variables in measurable, precise terms for testing.
What are confounding variables?
Extraneous factors that vary systematically with the IV and threaten internal validity.
How are extraneous variables different from confounding variables?
Extraneous variables do not systematically vary with the IV but may add noise.
Name three methods to control confounding and extraneous variables.
Random assignment, standardised procedures, and counterbalancing.