Term
Observational Research
What is observational research?
Answer
Definition
Recording behavior as it occurs naturally or in a controlled setting.
When setting up an observation, clarity in definitions is paramount to ensure accurate data capture.
Effective Observation Design: Effective observation design requires predefining the aim and categories and training observers carefully to maintain consistency and objectivity. Combining time and event sampling can help balance thoroughness and manageability.
What is observational research?
Recording behavior as it occurs naturally or in a controlled setting.
What are behavioural categories?
Specific, clearly defined types of behaviours to observe and record.
Why must behavioural categories be exhaustive and mutually exclusive?
To cover all behaviours and avoid confusion by fitting behaviours into only one category.
What is a coding frame?
A systematic system, like checklists, to record observations according to behavioural categories.
How do coding frames improve reliability?
By standardizing recording methods, improving agreement among multiple observers.
What is time sampling?
Recording behaviour at predetermined intervals (e.g., every 30 seconds).
What are strengths of time sampling?
Helps observe patterns over time and reduces observer fatigue.
What is a weakness of time sampling?
May miss behaviours occurring outside sampling points.
What is event sampling?
Recording every occurrence of a specific behaviour during the observation period.
What is a major weakness of event sampling?
Can be overwhelming for frequent behaviours and risks missing data without careful planning.
Why combine time and event sampling?
To balance thoroughness with manageable observation.
What are key steps in effective observation design?
Predefining aims, behavioural categories, and training observers for consistency.