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Global Development and Inequality Dynamics

Core Definitions

Global development examines inequalities between countries and the processes shaping economic, political, and social growth or decline across the world.

1

Development

Development refers to improvements in wealth, health, education, and living standards.
2

Underdevelopment

Underdevelopment results from historical exploitation (colonialism), unequal exchange, and structural barriers.

Dependency Theory Insight

Perpetuating Inequality

Dependency theory argues that rich countries exploit poor ones, perpetuating underdevelopment. This dynamic reinforces global inequality and structural disadvantage.

Globalisation's Impact

🌐

Globalisation

Integrates economies and cultures but exacerbates inequalities.
🏭

TNCs

Transnational corporations (TNCs) dominate global production, influencing local economies.
🏛️

Interdependence

Political interdependence through international agencies shapes development agendas.
🤝

Organisations

NGOs, the UN, World Bank, IMF provide aid and shape development policies.

Aid and Policy Outcomes

✅
Potential Benefit Aid can stimulate growth.
❌
Risk & Drawback Aid can create dependency or reinforce power imbalances.

Challenges and Social Indicators

C

Development Challenges

Industrialisation and urbanisation bring economic opportunities but also environmental degradation and social disruption. War and conflict hinder development and cause humanitarian crises.
D

Key Social Indicators

Employment, education, health, demographics, and gender relations are key aspects influencing and reflecting development.
Global Development Flashcards
Term
Development

What is development?

Answer
Definition

Improvements in wealth, health, education, and living standards.

Term
Underdevelopment

What causes underdevelopment?

Answer
Causes

Historical exploitation, unequal exchange, and structural barriers.

Term
Dependency Theory

What does dependency theory explain?

Answer
Explanation

Rich countries exploit poor countries, maintaining underdevelopment.

Term
Globalisation

How does globalisation affect inequalities?

Answer
Effect

It integrates economies but often exacerbates inequalities.

Term
Transnational Corporations (TNCs)

What role do transnational corporations (TNCs) play?

Answer
Role

They dominate global production and influence local economies.

Term
Global Development Organisations

Which organisations influence global development policies?

Answer
Organisations

NGOs, the UN, World Bank, and IMF.

Term
Foreign Aid

What are potential negative effects of foreign aid?

Answer
Negative Effects

Creating dependency and reinforcing power imbalances.

Term
Industrialisation

How can industrialisation impact development?

Answer
Impact

It offers economic opportunities but causes environmental and social problems.

Term
War and Conflict

How do war and conflict affect development?

Answer
Effect

They hinder progress and create humanitarian crises.

Term
Social Indicators

What social indicators reflect development?

Answer
Indicators

Employment, education, health, demographics, and gender relations.

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🌍 Global Development, Underdevelopment & Inequality Quiz

1. What does development primarily involve?

Development focuses on raising economic and social wellbeing, including health and education.

2. Dependency theory suggests that:

Dependency theory highlights exploitation and unequal relationships between rich and poor nations.

3. Which organisation is NOT typically involved in shaping global development policies?

NASA focuses on space exploration, not development policy.

4. One negative impact of foreign aid can be:

While aid can help, it can also lead to long-term reliance on donors.

5. How does globalisation influence global inequality?

Globalisation connects economies but can increase wealth gaps.

📊 Results

  • Notes and Quiz
  • Sociology
  • AS & A Level
  • Globalization
  • AQA